chapter, introduction, due, non, invasiveness, recognition, accuracy, cost, devices, ngerprints, reliable, biometric, characteristics, context, human, identication, fingerprint, authentication, systems, deeply, settled, government, business, infrastructure, institutions, however, capturing, depend, condition, ngers, surface, humidity, temperature, etc, aect, widely, studied, nevertheless, huge, suering, quality, process, harder, less, impossible, article, proposes, identify, causes, images, potentially, elimination, commercialization, results, state, art, provided, private, related, physiological, verifying, identifying, distinctive, features, print, iris, retina, palm, vein, map, signature, popular, used, uniqueness, tasks, databases, dont, require, cumbersome, equipment, sector, medical, eld, education, protection, information, health, life, history, usage, started, century, development, bureaus, storage, verication, criminal, records, nowadays, boarding, control, police, departments, contain, millions, samples, imprints, called, ridges, union, intersection, combinations, create, characterized, minutiaes, scientists, following, fig, ending, nishes, bifurcation, divides, closed, boundary, independent, bigger, island, isolated, spur, crossover, common, types, taken, divided, main, category, according, level, detalization, global, denes, singular, orientation, arch, tented, loop, whorl, local, described, details, concrete, width, contours, sweat, pores, matching, represent, individual, unique, clearly, understandable, resolution, general, schema, pre, processing, extraction, detailed, stages, sections, enhancement, challenging, factors, scanners, capacity, skin, deformations, distortions, positioning, improve, usually, removing, contrast, morphological, operations, increase, discernibility, applied, input, directly, binary, hierarchy, histogram, equalization, method, considered, commonly, simplicity, eectiveness, pixels, values, distributed, uniformly, intensities, throughout, variety, range, higher, uence, reduction, directional, median, filter, reduce, ow, modication, weighted, proposed, gabor, lters, remove, structure, preserved, wavelet, transform, decomposes, applying, fourier, transformation, enhances, separately, removal, term, operates, stationary, analyses, frequency, binarization, changing, scaled, choosing, threshold, below, filling, spoil, dots, search, counted, lling, match, thinning, useful, eases, nding, dilation, dilate, smoother, example, original, grayscaled, lled, thinned, dilated, simply, algorithm, degree, similarity, given, interval, mainly, classes, based, hybrid, class, minutia, logically, approach, compare, database, nd, weakest, sensitive, alignment, linear, patterns, oriented, gradient, response, vulnerable, techniques, describe, topological, solve, weakness, mentioned, apply, ob, ject, purpose, scale, invariant, accelerated, rst, presented, spatial, location, coordinates, angle, rotation, matched, within, tolerance, understand, permissible, variation, compensate, limitations, extractors, correct, unknown, obvious, vary, pose, scaling, aspects, highest, crucial, rotational, bias, explained, earlier, classied, taking, account, dierent, relationships, closest, undoubtedly, biggest, advantage, using, allows, partial, fully, opposite, consider, set, scope, needed, proper, parameters, align, computationally, costly, computing, recent, tend, invariance, computational, power, required, consolidation, aim, supported, numerous, developed, decades, hough, relative, clusters, correlation, evolutionary, adjustment, scores, mostly, computation, nal, resemblance, nearest, neighbours, fixed, radius, texture, triplets, single, consensus, multiple, complex, incremental, measurement, assessment, roles, monitoring, tool, enrolment, templates, repeat, reached, adaptation, adjust, perform, dierently, depending, dirt, age, participant, collaboration, typically, dened, ability, extract, clarity, estimation, classiers, rectangular, classication, multiclass, medium, undened, finally, built, weak, regions, weight, center, closer, provide, calculate, statistics, certainty, thickness, ratio, decision, voting, associated, assumption, changed, smoothly, across, average, absolute, dierence, assess, estimate, coherence, correspondent, detection, representing, similar, otherwise, pronounced, estimator, maximum, exceeding, predened, assessed, rely, collected, cumulative, smaller, simplest, check, uniformity, estimated, discrete, extracted, overall, calculated, separation, distributions, categorize, advance, thus, subset, specic, therefore, ve, ma, jor, logical, question, arises, classify, simple, unevenly, rarest, population, roughly, equal, respectively, thereby, instance, amount, represented, variance, abruptly, distinguished, core, delta, intuitively, ock, deltas, diverging, representation, view, presenting, form, hump, located, curvature, complete, triangles, earliest, consist, nite, automatons, grammars, free, stochastic, deterministic, neural, network, architectures, multilayer, perceptrons, self, organizing, convolutional, technology, graph, relational, extension, solution, structural, hidden, markov, models, famous, svms, shown, tackling, theoretical, background, random, supervised, learning, performance, regression, tin, kam, ho, subspace, further, improved, leo, breiman, combined, aforementioned, bootstrap, aggregating, lies, ensemble, correlated, stated, making, bagging, powerful, training, data, replacement, separate, predictions, mode, although, stability, schematic, overt, anything, prevent, pruning, putting, limits, depth, concerned, overtting, remain, begging, goal, split, greedy, minimizes, error, certainly, forces, averaging, meaningful, informally, grasp, internal, node, leaves, correspond, target, recursive, partitioning, dataset, construction, homogeneous, choose, gain, gini, impurity, formula, log, pi, entropy, percentage, vj, jh, laura, elena, raileanu, kilian, stoel, summing, whether, logarithm, support, vector, vladimir, vapnik, alexey, ya, chervonenkis, adding, kernel, proposing, margin, dimensional, hyperplane, linearly, innite, chose, maximizes, originally, algorthm, solves, extend, separating, couple, separably, issue, relaxing, optimal, hyperparameter, searching, acceptable, halfspace, jective, function, penalized, penalty, proportional, outlier, minimization, regularization, trade, minimizing, maximizing, strict, requirement, completely, separable, fail, space, dimension, couldnt, dimensionality, threedimensional, plane, xt, axt, polynomial, exp, radial, basis, tanh, ax, hyperbolic, tangent, sigmoid, cnns, wasnt, resources, ecient, deeper, investigations, demanding, forward, neuron, responsible, overlap, engineered, layer, output, pooling, fullyconnected, normalization, matrices, pass, convolve, volume, product, convolution, weve, receive, activation, intuitive, explanation, trained, activate, detected, primitive, detect, honeycombs, entire, recognize, received, stacked, building, massive, named, necessary, itself, doesnt, intervention, engineering, draw, analogy, brain, interpreted, monitors, overlapped, share, starting, visualization, net, imagenet, connectivity, arrangement, sharing, practical, connect, working, doing, previous, receptive, obviously, connections, height, arbitrary, length, construct, meaning, known, looking, stride, inconsistencies, borders, zero, padding, dealing, \t, decrease, principle, learned, helpful, constraint, slice, applicable, centered, expect, responsibility, sampling, overlapping, norm, max, strongest, squares, reduced, strictly, suggest, abandon, repeated, thelarger, [], connected, regular, stack, anyway, gathered, curse, situation, tted, test, lower, expected, develop, deal, dropout, batch, active, probability, por, alexnet, won, googlenet, \dropped, contribute, backward, epoch, corresponding, introduced, basically, normalize, subtracting, dividing, standard, deviation, covariance, shift, units, rates, application, sum, plus, innitely, \re, contribution, linearity, interpolate, relu, rectier, computes, negative, positive, benet, exponent, multiplications, divisions, descent, converges, quicker, rather, disadvantage, \silent, forever, choice, relatively, rare, vanish, softmax, squeezes, total, ez, zis, jth, component, karen, simonyan, andrew, zisserman, visual, geometry, oxford, university, importance, showing, having, downsamples, fth, nally, activated, \sees, visualizing, generate, going, grains, complicated, sh, transfer, reasons, competitions, consuming, gpus, concept, knowledge, gained, natural, language, computer, vision, transferable, spanish, portuguese, practically, closely, xed, previously, straightforward, tuning, thorough, ne, tune, stuck, randomly, initialized, backpropagation, \harm, perfectly, \freeze, expectation, tuned, update, strongly, strategy, sense, easily, overtted, distinguish, darkhaired, blondes, haired, nearly, replace, reasonably, initialize, initial, accelerate, clear, restrictions, inconvenient, denition, enrollment, queue, rapidity, especially, rejected, valuable, sub, capture, ministry, foreign, spain, software, identied, physically, rubbing, forehead, body, glands, grease, contact, area, extra, reducing, consular, post, south, america, densely, populated, territory, billion, sovereign, someone, cross, prove, identity, identier, hereby, enormous, scanning, per, considering, american, industrial, agricultural, distorted, moreover, climate, imported, ideal, scenario, ocer, sucient, manufactures, workers, obligated, verify, factories, thousands, throughputs, exist, superiority, decided, didnt, workaround, basement, available, internet, bottleneck, passed, saved, simpler, trainable, frozen, resulting, belonging, dropped, distort, augmentation, preprocessing, screw, possible, whitening, forbidden, clockwise, horizontal, ip, vertical, extended, shifted, rotated, horizontally, ipped, vertically, resized, rescaled, resizing, rescaling, vital, experimental, discussions, validation, damaged, dotted, blurred, labeled, experts, dryness, potential, wipe, scars, burning, inborn, chapped, captured, later, wounds, healed, distinguishable, nervous, excessive, sweating, situated, produce, circular, observe, slightly, moved, press, being, burned, instantly, retry, burred, degraded, currently, misclassied, assigned, cogent, confusion, achieve, misclassication, scanned, discontinuity, causing, predicted, solving, baselines, chosen, treat, processed, resize, worst, measure, eatures, standalone, singly, impressive, worse, comparably, complicate, sophisticated, played, coecient, shrinking, heuristic, constant, belonged, suitable, conclusion, diverse, separated, characteris, tics, testing, processor, intel, physical, memory, graphics, geforce, inference, comparing, rated, accurate, public, research, future, signicantly, approximately, lack, boost, improvement, collect