introductionan, average, web, pages, including, news, sites, applications, search, engines, social, networks, interactions, created, expectations, users, regard, experience, furthermore, faster, increasing, addition, benet, fullling, aect, business, metrics, conversion, rate, percentage, desired, action, optimisation, results, amount, trac, walmart, mozilla, studied, eect, however, dierent, used, measuring, lack, segmentation, populations, allow, generalised, thesis, frames, context, transferwise, growing, nancial, technology, diverse, customer, base, organisation, knowledge, whether, prioritise, optimising, compared, feature, optimise, segments, address, contributions, set, perceived, dened, specically, solution, collecting, within, production, environment, implemented, dashboard, initial, analysis, relations, acquisition, channels, conducted, remainder, structured, chapter, background, organisational, implementation, data, collection, explained, requirements, measure, implications, limitations, presented, finally, conclusion, backgroundthis, concepts, worked, rst, section, denes, compares, represent, overview, methods, tools, appropriate, success, comparison, analyse, previous, studies, capability, nal, describes, measured, waiting, includes, spent, server, requested, client, process, received, assets, requests, [newb], according, theperformance, golden, ruleformulated, based, archive, response, therefore, realistic, view, mostly, quantiable, reduced, single, meanings, browsers, dispatch, events, occurrences, activity, observed, using, listeners, general, rely, values, theloador, thedomcontentloaded, theloadevent, required, resources, downloaded, processed, [gri], domcontentloadedmarks, document, completely, loaded, parsed, [mdna], reasons, popularity, historical, related, ease, images, onload, triggered, onloadwas, standard, across, versions, [mdnb], anddomcontentloadedhas, support, making, modern, javascript, progressive, rendering, domcontentloadedres, andloadhappens, [den], thatloaddoes, correlate, perceives, demonstrated, comparing, amazon, gmail, rendered, butloaddoes, till, gmailloadhappens, thus, traditional, reect, accurately, attempts, eectively, userperceived, creating, standardised, deemed, dicult, recommended, furthest, advancements, topic, engineers, google, guide, centric, performance, metrics[wal], formulates, questions, stages, shown, participated, timing, working, draft, denitions, align, renders, anything, default, contentful, text, non, canvas, sincefirst, meaningful, andtime, interactive, depend, considered, dening, added, accordingly, leaves, developers, knowing, loosely, visually, capable, responding, input, example, corresponding, [wal], happening, useful, usable, representing, labeledusercentric, metrics[iri], milestone, timings[web], anduser, emphasis, perception, termuser, preferred, loadanddomcontentloaded, gain, actionable, insights, monitored, monitoring, generally, categories, synthetic, monitoringandreal, known, asactive, consists, runningsynthetic, testssimulating, intervals, testing, stress, launch, competitive, benchmarking, digging, details, [zem], due, limited, combination, congurations, spectrum, alternatively, aspassive, gathers, geographic, location, fully, properties, contribute, active, cannot, similar, information, nature, ultimately, complementary, various, exist, supporting, mpulse, [soab], speedcurve, [spe], appdynamics, [app], dynatrace, [dyn], newrelic, [newa], pingdom, [pin], source, boomerang, [soaa], manually, analytics, [goo], mixpanel, [mixa], built, custom, theuser, timingapi, measurement, interface, marked, snippet, moreover, adding, monitor, registrations, purchases, revenue, popular, indicator, popularised, being, main, whena, showing, variants, visitors, nd, eective, aconversionhappens, measurable, clickthrough, download, ofconversion, calculated, dividing, converted, timeframe, formula, calculating, following, maximising, larger, having, attract, tting, [qua], taking, baseline, account, isolation, exibility, nding, subset, funnel, leading, sequence, [bul], investigating, goal, click, landing, commerce, product, ensures, reected, easily, supported, [mixb], heap, [hea], complications, analysing, lie, gathering, airbnb, opt, building, internal, platform, frameworks, businesses, interplay, variable, needed, determined, factors, ect, numerous, contributing, hence, industry, reaching, recent, academic, research, online, aiming, understand, trade, implementing, carried, selling, services, proving, importance, published, evolved, noticeably, earliest, reports, originates, reported, delay, costs, gure, quoted, albeit, conversely, akamai, state, retail, comprised, roughly, billion, comprehensible, approaches, prevail, terms, firstly, dierence, peak, tookxseconds, longer, relative, higher, diers, claried, firefox, increase, decrease, improvement, increased, experienced, showed, resulting, lower, median, slower, converting, simplistic, heuristics, multiple, optimised, segmented, device, parameters, remains, unstudied, prove, vary, signicantly, suggests, reliable, specic, performing, mainly, attempted, natively, transaction, specied, trigger, validated, although, universal, requires, setup, quality, alignment, tracked, founded, estonian, expatriates, taavet, hinrikus, kristo, rmann, [tra], mission, borders, instant, convenient, eventually, free, achieve, oers, series, international, transfer, borderless, payouts, million, transferred, fees, saved, powers, currency, routes, employees, oces, structure, organised, autonomous, independent, focused, [content, omitted, containing, condential, information], tracking, conclusionthe, aim, solve, solved, author, collected, secondly, thirdly, creation, improving, existing, connection, biggest, smallest, direct, further, transferable, generalisable, opportunities, future, logistic, regression, quantify, ne, grained, manner