introductionthe, importance, localisation, grown, signicantly, decade, spending, environments, accurate, impact, simplifying, example, helping, reghters, police, medical, personnel, perform, specic, multiple, difculties, achieving, precision, standard, approaches, including, global, positioning, system, easily, unreliability, obstacles, fortunately, rapid, popularity, internet, iot, technologies, increasing, equipped, wireless, sensor, networks, wsns, numerous, algorithms, exist, possibilities, received, signal, strength, indication, node, attached, receivers, xed, locations, methods, using, require, detailed, information, environment, precise, positions, surroundings, created, setup, process, consuming, possibility, learning, analyse, data, thesis, focuses, predicting, location, based, supervised, approach, patterns, corresponding, labels, markov, model, nearest, dataset, provided, healthcare, residental, challenge, longer, description, covered, later, predict, info, comparison, 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